Chiphunzitso choyambirira cha ntchito ya ma brushless servo motors chimazungulira mfundo za magnetism pomwe mizati imathamangitsa ndi mizati yosiyana imakopa.Pali magwero awiri a maginito omwe amapezeka mkati mwa injini ya servo: Maginito osatha omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pa rotor ya injiniyo, ndi maginito amagetsi osasunthika omwe amazungulira rotor.Ma electromagnet amatchedwa stator kapena motor winding ndipo amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zotchedwa laminations, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi.Zitsulozo zimakhala ndi "mano" omwe amalola kuti waya wamkuwa azizungulira.
Kubwereranso ku mfundo za maginito, pamene woyendetsa ngati waya wamkuwa amapangidwa kukhala koyilo, ndipo woyendetsayo amapatsidwa mphamvu kotero kuti panopa ikuyenda modutsa, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa.
Mphamvu ya maginito iyi yopangidwa ndi yomwe ikudutsa pa conductor idzakhala ndi pole ya kumpoto ndi kumwera.Ndi mizati ya maginito yomwe ili pa stator (pamene yapatsidwa mphamvu) ndi maginito okhazikika a rotor, kodi mumatani kuti mukhale ndi mizati yosiyana yomwe imakopa komanso ngati mitengo yothamangitsa?
Chinsinsi ndicho kutembenuza mphamvu yomwe ikudutsa mu electromagnet.Pamene madzi akuyenda kudzera mu coil yoyendetsa mbali imodzi, mitengo ya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera imapangidwa.
Pamene mayendedwe apano asinthidwa, mitengoyo imatembenuzika kotero kuti chomwe chinali kumpoto tsopano chimakhala chakummwera ndipo mosemphanitsa.Chithunzi 1 chimapereka chithunzithunzi choyambirira cha momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito.Mu chithunzi 2, chithunzi chakumanzere chikuwonetsa momwe mitengo ya maginito a rotor ikukopeka ndi mizati yosiyana ya stator.Mitengo ya rotor, yomwe imamangiriridwa ku shaft yamoto, idzazungulira mpaka ikugwirizana ndi mizati yotsutsana ndi stator.Ngati zonse zikanakhala zofanana, rotoryo idzakhala yokhazikika.
Chithunzi chomwe chili kumanja mu chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa momwe mitengo ya stator yasinthira.Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pamene mtengo wa rotor umagwira ndi stator pole potembenuza mayendedwe apano kudutsa malo omwewo.Kugwedezeka kosalekeza kwa mitengo ya stator kumapanga chikhalidwe chomwe mitengo ya maginito yosatha ya rotor nthawi zonse "ikuthamangitsa" zotsutsana za stator zomwe zimabweretsa kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa rotor / motor shaft.
Kupindika kwa mitengo ya stator kumadziwika kuti commutation.Tanthauzo lokhazikika lakusintha ndi "Kachitidwe ka mafunde owongolera kupita kumagawo oyenera agalimoto kuti apange torque yabwino kwambiri komanso kuzungulira kwa shaft motor".Kodi mafunde amayendetsedwa bwanji pa nthawi yoyenera kuti ma shaft azizungulira?
Chiwongolerocho chimapangidwa ndi inverter kapena drive yomwe imayendetsa mota.Pamene galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto inayake, mbali yochotseramo imadziwika mu pulogalamu yoyendetsa galimoto pamodzi ndi zinthu zina monga kuyendetsa galimoto, kukana, ndi zina.Chipangizo choyankha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagalimoto (encoder, solver, etc..) chimapereka malo a rotor shaft/magnetic pole pagalimoto.
Pamene malo a maginito a rotor akufanana ndi mbali yochepetsera, galimotoyo idzasintha zomwe zikuchitika kupyola muyeso wa stator potero kusintha stator pole kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera ndi kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Kuchokera apa mukhoza kuona kuti kulola kuti mizati igwirizane idzasiya kusinthasintha kwa shaft ya injini, kapena kusintha ndondomekoyi kumapangitsa kuti shaft ikuzungulira mbali imodzi motsutsana ndi ina, ndipo kusinthako mwamsanga kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kothamanga kwambiri kapena mosiyana pang'onopang'ono.
