Mphamvu yamphepo yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zothekera zaukhondo padziko lapansi.Kwa zaka zambiri, magetsi athu ambiri ankachokera ku malasha, mafuta ndi zinthu zina.Komabe, kupanga mphamvu kuchokera kuzinthuzi kumawononga kwambiri chilengedwe komanso kuipitsa mpweya, nthaka ndi madzi.Kuzindikira kumeneku kwapangitsa anthu ambiri kutembenukira ku mphamvu zobiriwira monga yankho.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ndizofunikira kwambiri pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikiza:
-Kukhudza kwabwino kwa chilengedwe
-Ntchito ndi mapindu ena azachuma
-Kutukuka kwa thanzi la anthu
- Mphamvu zambiri komanso zosatha
-Njira yodalirika komanso yokhazikika yamagetsi
Mu 1831, Michael Faraday adapanga jenereta yoyamba yamagetsi.Anapeza kuti mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kupangidwa mu kondakitala ikasunthidwa kudzera mu mphamvu ya maginito.Pafupifupi zaka 200 pambuyo pake, maginito ndi maginito akupitirizabe kugwira ntchito yofunikira pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi zamakono.Mainjiniya akupitiliza kukonza zomwe Faraday adapanga, ndi zida zatsopano zothetsera mavuto azaka za zana la 21.
Potengera makina ovuta kwambiri, ma turbine amphepo akuchulukirachulukira m'gawo lamagetsi ongowonjezwdwa.Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lililonse la turbine limagwira ntchito yofunikira momwe limagwirira ntchito komanso kugwira mphamvu yamphepo.Mwachidule, momwe ma turbines amagwirira ntchito ndi awa:
-Mphepo yamphamvu imatembenuza masamba
-Masamba a fani amalumikizidwa ndi njira yayikulu pakati
-Jenereta yolumikizidwa ku shaft ija imatembenuza kuyenda kumeneko kukhala magetsi
Maginito osatha amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamagetsi ena akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Maginito osowa padziko lapansi, monga maginito amphamvu a neodymium-iron-boron, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapangidwe ena a turbine kuti achepetse mtengo, kuwongolera kudalirika, komanso kuchepetsa kufunika kokonza zodula komanso kosalekeza.Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga matekinoloje atsopano, otsogola m'zaka zaposachedwa kwalimbikitsa mainjiniya kuti agwiritse ntchito makina opangira maginito okhazikika (PMG) pama turbine amphepo.Chifukwa chake, izi zathetsa kufunikira kwa ma gearbox, kutsimikizira kuti makina amagetsi okhazikika amakhala okwera mtengo, odalirika komanso osasamalira.M'malo mofuna magetsi kuti atulutse mphamvu ya maginito, maginito akuluakulu a neodymium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga awo.Kuphatikiza apo, izi zathetsa kufunikira kwa zida zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito m'majenereta am'mbuyomu, ndikuchepetsa liwiro la mphepo kuti apange mphamvu.
Jenereta yokhazikika ya maginito synchronous ndi mtundu wina wa jenereta yamphepo.Mosiyana ndi ma jenereta opangira ma induction, majeneretawa amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito ya maginito amphamvu osowa padziko lapansi m'malo mwa ma elekitiromagineti.Safuna mphete kapena gwero lamphamvu lakunja kuti apange mphamvu ya maginito.Iwo akhoza opareshoni pa liwiro otsika, amene amalola kuti zoyendetsedwa ndi turbine shaft mwachindunji, choncho safuna gearbox.Izi zimachepetsa kulemera kwa nacelle yamphepo yamphepo ndipo zikutanthauza kuti nsanja zitha kupangidwa pamtengo wotsika.Kuchotsedwa kwa bokosi la gear kumabweretsa kudalirika, kutsika mtengo wokonza, komanso kuchita bwino.Kuthekera kwa maginito kulola opanga kuti achotse mabokosi amakina pama turbines amphepo ndikuwonetsa momwe maginito angagwiritsire ntchito mwanzeru pakuthana ndi mavuto ogwirira ntchito komanso azachuma m'ma injini amakono amphepo.
Makampani opanga makina amphepo amakonda maginito osowa padziko lapansi pazifukwa zazikulu zitatu:
-Majenereta osatha a maginito safuna mphamvu yakunja kuti ayambitse mphamvu ya maginito
-Kudzisangalatsa kumatanthauzanso kuti banki ya mabatire kapena ma capacitor a ntchito zina imatha kukhala yaying'ono
-Mapangidwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamagetsi okhazikika a jenereta a maginito, kulemera kwina komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mafunde amkuwa kumathetsedwa limodzi ndi zovuta zowononga kutchinjiriza ndi kufupika.
Mphamvu yamphepo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikukula mwachangu m'gawo lothandizira masiku ano.
Ubwino wochuluka wogwiritsa ntchito maginito mu makina opangira mphepo kuti apange magetsi oyela, otetezeka, ogwira mtima komanso opindulitsa pazachuma ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa dziko lathu lapansi, kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso momwe timakhalira ndi ntchito.
Mphepo ndi gwero lamafuta oyera komanso osinthika omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mphamvu yamagetsi.Ma turbines amphepo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi magwero ena ongowonjezwdwanso kuti athandize mayiko ndi mayiko kukwaniritsa miyezo yongowonjezwwdww yomwe ingatheke komanso zolinga zotulutsa mpweya kuti achepetse kusintha kwanyengo.Ma turbines amphepo satulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide kapena mpweya wina woipa, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu ya mphepo kukhala yabwino kwa chilengedwe kusiyana ndi magwero opangira mafuta.
Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, mphamvu yamphepo imapereka mapindu owonjezera kuposa magwero opangira magetsi achikhalidwe.Malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya, malasha, ndi gasi amagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochuluka modabwitsa popanga mphamvu yamagetsi.Mumitundu yamagetsi iyi, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nthunzi, kuwongolera mpweya, kapena kuziziritsa.Ambiri mwa madzi amenewa amatulutsidwa m’mlengalenga mwa mawonekedwe a condensation.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, makina opangira mphepo safuna madzi kuti apange magetsi.Chifukwa chake, mtengo wamafamu amphepo ukuwonjezeka kwambiri m'madera ouma kumene kupezeka kwa madzi kuli kochepa.
Mwina phindu lodziwikiratu koma lofunika kwambiri la mphamvu yamphepo ndikuti gwero lamafuta ndi laulere komanso lochokera kwanuko.Mosiyana ndi izi, mitengo yamafuta amafuta amafuta imatha kukhala imodzi mwamitengo yayikulu kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito popangira magetsi ndipo ingafunike kutengedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa akunja omwe angapangitse kudalira mayendedwe osokonekera ndipo angakhudzidwe ndi mikangano yadziko.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mphamvu yamphepo ingathandize maiko kukhala odziyimira pawokha komanso kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kusinthasintha kwamitengo mumafuta oyambira.
Mosiyana ndi magwero amafuta ochepa monga malasha kapena gasi, mphepo ndi gwero lamphamvu lokhazikika lomwe silifuna mafuta kuti apange mphamvu.Mphepo imapangidwa ndi kutentha ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu mumlengalenga ndipo ndi zotsatira za kutentha kwa dzuŵa padziko lapansi.Monga gwero la mafuta, mphepo imapereka mphamvu zopanda malire ndipo, malinga ngati dzuŵa likupitirizabe kuwala, mphepo idzapitirizabe kuwomba.
