Kulumikizana kwa maginito ndi njira zolumikizirana zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito kusamutsa torque, mphamvu kapena kusuntha kuchokera ku membala wozungulira kupita ku wina.Kusamutsa kumachitika kudzera pa chotchinga chopanda maginito popanda kulumikizana kulikonse.Ma couplings amatsutsana awiriawiri a zimbale kapena ma rotor ophatikizidwa ndi maginito.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa maginito ophatikizana kunayambira pakuyesa kopambana kwa Nikola Tesla kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.Tesla anayatsa nyali popanda zingwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana yolumikizira pafupi ndimunda.Katswiri wa sayansi ya zaku Scotland komanso mainjiniya Sir Alfred Ewing anapititsa patsogolo chiphunzitso cha maginito induction kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito maginito.Kulumikizana kwa maginito m'mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira molondola kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri achitika mu theka lapitalo.Kukhwima kwa njira zopangira zotsogola komanso kupezeka kwazinthu zosowa za maginito padziko lapansi zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke.
Ngakhale kuti maginito onse amagwiritsira ntchito maginito ndi mphamvu zamakina, pali mitundu iwiri yomwe imasiyana ndi mapangidwe.
Mitundu iwiri yayikuluyi ndi:
-Malumikizidwe amtundu wa Disk okhala ndi ma halves awiri a nkhope ndi maso ophatikizidwa ndi maginito angapo pomwe torque imasamutsidwa kudutsa kusiyana kuchokera pa diski imodzi kupita kwina.
-Malumikizidwe amtundu wa Synchronous monga ma gineti osatha, ma coaxial couplings ndi ma rotor pomwe chozungulira chamkati chimayikidwa mkati mwa rotor yakunja ndi maginito okhazikika amasamutsa torque kuchokera ku rotor kupita kwina.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, kuphatikiza maginito kumaphatikizapo zozungulira, eccentric, spiral and nonlinear designs.Njira zina zolumikizira maginitozi zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito torque ndi kugwedezeka, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa biology, chemistry, quantum mechanics, ndi ma hydraulics.
M'mawu osavuta, kugwirizana kwa maginito kumagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yofunikira yomwe imakopa maginito.Chikoka cha maginito chimatumiza torque kuchokera ku kanyumba kokhala ndi maginito kupita kwina (kuchokera kwa membala wolumikizira kupita kwa membala woyendetsedwa).Torque imatanthawuza mphamvu yomwe imazungulira chinthu.Pamene mphamvu yakunja ya angular ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku chigawo chimodzi cha maginito, imayendetsa inayo potumiza torque yamagetsi pakati pa mipata kapena kupyolera mu chotchinga chopanda maginito monga khoma logawanika.
Kuchuluka kwa torque komwe kumapangidwa ndi njirayi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zosintha monga:
-Kutentha kwa ntchito
-Chilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwira
-Maginito polarization
-Kuchuluka kwa mapolo awiri
- Makulidwe a ma pole awiri, kuphatikiza kusiyana, m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika
- Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa awiriawiri
- Kusintha kwa mitundu
Kutengera kutengera kwa maginito ndi ma disc kapena rotor, maginito polarization ndi radial, tangential kapena axial.Torque imasamutsidwa ku gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zosuntha.
Kuphatikizika kwa maginito kumaonedwa kuti ndikwapamwamba kuposa kuphatikizika kwamakina achikhalidwe m'njira zingapo.
Kusalumikizana ndi magawo osuntha:
-Amachepetsa kukangana
-Amatulutsa kutentha kochepa
-Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa
-Zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kung'ambika pang'ono
-Sipanga phokoso
-Kumathetsa kufunika kothira mafuta
Kuonjezera apo, mapangidwe otsekedwa omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina yosakanikirana amalola kuti maginito agwirizane kuti apange fumbi, madzimadzi komanso dzimbiri.Zipangizozi ndizosachita dzimbiri ndipo zidapangidwa kuti zizitha kugwira ntchito movutikira.Ubwino winanso ndi mawonekedwe a maginito omwe amathandizira kuti azitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.Kuonjezera apo, zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito maginito maginito zimakhala zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi kugwirizanitsa makina pamene zili m'madera omwe alibe mwayi wopeza.Kuphatikizika kwa maginito ndi chisankho chodziwika bwino pazolinga zoyesa ndikuyika kwakanthawi.
Kuphatikizika kwa maginito kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri komanso kothandiza pamapulogalamu ambiri apamwamba kuphatikiza:
-Maloboti
- Chemical engineering
-Zida zamankhwala
-Kuyika makina
-Kukonza chakudya
- Makina ozungulira
Pakali pano, maginito couplings amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo pamene amizidwa m'madzi.Ma motors otchingidwa ndi chotchinga chopanda maginito mkati mwa mapampu amadzimadzi ndi makina opangira ma propeller amalola mphamvu yamaginito kuti igwiritse ntchito poyambira kapena mbali za mpope zikakumana ndi madzi.Kulephera kwa shaft yamadzi chifukwa cha kuwukiridwa kwa madzi munyumba yamagalimoto kumapewedwa popota maginito angapo mu chidebe chomata.
Ntchito zapansi pamadzi zikuphatikizapo:
- Diver propulsion magalimoto
- Pampu za aquarium
-Magalimoto apansi pamadzi oyenda kutali
Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, kulumikizana kwa maginito kumachulukirachulukira m'malo mwa mathamangitsidwe osinthika pamapampu ndi ma fan motor.Chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi ma motors mkati mwa makina opangira mphepo.
Chiwerengero, kukula ndi mtundu wa maginito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina olumikizirana komanso torque yofananira yomwe imapangidwa ndizofunika kwambiri.
Mafotokozedwe ena ndi awa:
- Kukhalapo kwa chotchinga pakati pa maginito awiriawiri, kuyenerera zida zomizidwa m'madzi.
- Maginito polarization
-Kuchuluka kwa ma torque osuntha kumasamutsidwa ndi maginito
Maginito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi maginito amapanga zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi monga neodymium iron boron kapena samarium cobalt.Zolepheretsa zomwe zilipo pakati pa maginito awiriwa zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda maginito.Zitsanzo za zipangizo zomwe sizimakopeka ndi maginito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, titaniyamu, pulasitiki, galasi ndi fiberglass.Zotsalira za zigawo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kumbali zonse za maginito zophatikizira ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtundu uliwonse ndi zomangira zamakina.
Kulumikizana koyenera kwa maginito kuyenera kukwaniritsa mulingo wofunikira wa torque womwe wafotokozedwa pa ntchito yomwe mukufuna.M'mbuyomu, mphamvu ya maginito inali yolepheretsa.Komabe, kupezeka ndi kupezeka kwa maginito apadera osowa padziko lapansi kukukulirakulira kwamphamvu kwa kulumikizana kwa maginito.
Mfundo yachiwiri ndiyofunikira kuti zolumikizanazo zimizidwe pang'ono kapena kwathunthu m'madzi kapena mitundu ina yamadzimadzi.Opanga maginito ophatikizana amapereka ntchito zosinthira pazosowa zapadera komanso zokhazikika.
