Kodi Magnet ndi chiyani?
Maginito ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu yowonekera popanda kukhudzana ndi zinthu zina.Mphamvu imeneyi imatchedwa magnetism.Mphamvu ya maginito imatha kukopa kapena kuthamangitsa.Zida zambiri zodziwika zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya maginito, koma mphamvu ya maginito muzinthuzi ndi yaying'ono kwambiri.Kwa zipangizo zina, mphamvu ya maginito ndi yaikulu kwambiri, choncho zipangizozi zimatchedwa maginito.Dziko lapansinso ndi maginito aakulu.
Pali mfundo ziwiri pa maginito onse kumene mphamvu ya maginito ndi yaikulu.Iwo amadziwika kuti mitengo.Pa maginito amakona anayi, mitengoyo imadutsana.Amatchedwa North Pole kapena kumpoto-kufunafuna mzati, ndi South Pole kapena kum'mwera-kufunafuna.
Maginito amatha kupangidwa potenga maginito omwe alipo ndikusisita nawo chitsulo.Chitsulo ichi chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kusisita mosalekeza mbali imodzi.Izi zimapangitsa ma elekitironi mu chitsulocho kuyamba kupota mbali imodzi.Mphamvu yamagetsi imathanso kupanga maginito.Popeza magetsi amayendera ma elekitironi, ma elekitironi akamayenda muwaya amanyamula zinthu zofanana ndi zomwe zimazungulira phata la atomiki.Izi zimatchedwa electromagnet.
Chifukwa cha mmene ma elekitironi awo amasanjidwira, zitsulo za faifi tambala, cobalt, chitsulo, ndi chitsulo zimapanga maginito abwino kwambiri.Zitsulo izi zimatha kukhala maginito mpaka kalekale zikakhala maginito.Motero kunyamula dzina lolimba maginito.Komabe zitsulozi ndi zina zimatha kukhala ngati maginito kwakanthawi ngati zawululidwa kapena kuyandikira maginito olimba.Kenako amanyamula dzina la maginito ofewa.
Momwe Magnetism Amagwirira Ntchito
Magnetism imachitika pamene tinthu ting'onoting'ono totchedwa ma electron timayenda mwanjira ina.Zinthu zonse zimapangidwa ndi mayunitsi otchedwa ma atomu, omwenso amapangidwa ndi ma elekitironi ndi tinthu tina tating'ono, tomwe ndi ma neutroni ndi ma protoni.Ma elekitironiwa amakonda kuzungulira kuzungulira phata, lomwe lili ndi tinthu tina tatchulazi.Mphamvu ya maginito yaing'ono imayamba chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa ma elekitironi.Nthawi zina, ma elekitironi ambiri mu chinthucho amazungulira mbali imodzi.Zotsatira za mphamvu zonse ting'onoting'ono za maginito zochokera ku ma elekitironi ndi maginito aakulu.
Kukonzekera Ufa
Miyezo yoyenera yachitsulo, boron, ndi neodymium imatenthedwa kuti isungunuke pansi pa vacuum kapena mung'anjo yosungunula pogwiritsa ntchito gasi wolowera.Kugwiritsa ntchito vacuum ndikuletsa kusintha kwamankhwala pakati pa zinthu zosungunuka ndi mpweya.Aloyi wosungunuka akazirala, amathyoka ndikuphwanyidwa ndikupanga tizitsulo tating'onoting'ono.Pambuyo pake, zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimaphwanyidwa ndikuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa wabwino womwe umachokera ku 3 mpaka 7 microns m'mimba mwake.Ufa womwe wangopangidwa kumene umakhala wotakasuka kwambiri ndipo umatha kuyambitsa kuyatsa mumlengalenga ndipo uyenera kusungidwa kuti usavutike ndi mpweya.
Isostatic Compaction
Njira ya isostatic compaction imatchedwanso kukanikiza.Chitsulo cha ufa chimatengedwa ndikuchiyika mu nkhungu.Chikombole ichi chimatchedwanso kufa.Pofuna kuti zinthu za ufa zigwirizane ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mphamvu ya maginito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo panthawi yomwe mphamvu ya maginito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, nkhosa zamphongo za hydraulic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitheke mpaka mkati mwa 0.125 mainchesi (0.32 cm) zomwe zinakonzekera. makulidwe.Kupanikizika kwakukulu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuchokera ku 10,000 psi mpaka 15,000 psi (70 MPa mpaka 100 MPa).Mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe ena amapangidwa poyika zinthuzo m'chidebe chotulukamo chopanda mpweya musanazikanikize momwe mukufunira ndi mphamvu ya gasi.
Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zimatengera mwachitsanzo, nkhuni, madzi, ndi mpweya zili ndi maginito omwe ndi ofooka kwambiri.Maginito amakopa zinthu zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zakale mwamphamvu kwambiri.Amakopanso kapena kuthamangitsa maginito ena olimba akayandikiridwa pafupi.Izi ndichifukwa choti maginito aliwonse amakhala ndi mitengo iwiri yotsutsana.Mitengo ya kum'mwera imakopa mitengo yakumpoto ya maginito ena, koma imathamangitsanso mitengo ina yakumwera ndipo mosiyana.
Kupanga Maginito
Njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito imatchedwa powder metallurgy.Popeza maginito amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira zopangira iwo ndi zosiyana komanso zapadera paokha.Mwachitsanzo, maginito amagetsi amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoponyera zitsulo, pomwe maginito osinthika okhazikika amapangidwa m'njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutulutsa pulasitiki komwe zopangira zimasakanizidwa ndi kutentha zisanakakamizedwe potsegula pansi pazovuta kwambiri.Pansipa pali njira yopangira maginito.
Zonse zofunika komanso zofunika pakusankha maginito ziyenera kukambidwa ndi magulu a uinjiniya ndi opanga.Njira yopangira maginito pakupanga maginito, mpaka pano, zinthuzo ndi chidutswa chachitsulo choponderezedwa.Ngakhale kuti idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu ya maginito panthawi ya kukakamiza kwa isostatic, mphamvuyo sinabweretse mphamvu ya maginito kuzinthuzo, idangoyika tinthu tating'ono ta ufa.Chidutswacho chimabweretsedwa pakati pa mizati ya ma elekitiroma amphamvu ndipo pambuyo pake chimayang'ana komwe kumayendera maginito.Maginito amagetsi akapatsidwa mphamvu, mphamvu ya maginito imagwirizanitsa madera a maginito mkati mwa zinthu, kupanga chidutswacho kukhala maginito amphamvu kwambiri okhazikika.
Kutentha kwa Zinthu
Pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya isostatic compaction, slug ya ufa wachitsulo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kufa ndikuyika mu uvuni.Sintering ndi njira kapena njira yowonjezerera kutentha ku zitsulo za ufa kuti zisinthe kukhala zidutswa zazitsulo zolimba pambuyo pake.
Njira yopangira sintering imakhala ndi magawo atatu.Pachiyambi choyamba, zinthu zoponderezedwa zimatenthedwa pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri kuti zithamangitse chinyezi chonse kapena zinthu zonse zonyansa zomwe zingakhale zitagwidwa panthawi ya isostatic compaction process.Mu gawo lachiwiri la sintering, kutentha kumakwera kufika pafupifupi 70-90% ya malo osungunuka a alloy.Kutentha kumasungidwa pamenepo kwa maola kapena masiku kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tifanane, tigwirizane ndikulumikizana.Gawo lomaliza la sintering ndi pamene zinthuzo zimazizidwa pang'onopang'ono muzowonjezera kutentha.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa Zinthu
Pambuyo pakuwotcha kumabwera njira ya annealing.Apa ndi pamene sintered zinthu amadutsa sitepe ndi sitepe ankalamulira kutentha ndi kuziziritsa ndondomeko kuchotsa aliyense kapena zotsalira zotsalira zomwe zatsala mkati mwa zinthu ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu.
Kumaliza kwa Magnet
Maginito omwe ali pamwambawa amakhala ndi mulingo kapena digiri ya makina, kuyambira kukuwapera mosalala ndi kofananira kapena kupanga tizigawo ting'onoting'ono kuchokera ku maginito.Zomwe zimapanga maginito ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zowonongeka (Rockwell C 57 mpaka 61).Chifukwa chake zinthuzi zimafunikira mawilo a diamondi popanga ma slicing, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawilo abrasive popera.Njira yopangira slicing imatha kuchitidwa molondola kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imachotsa kufunikira kwa njira yopera.Njira zomwe tazitchulazi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti muchepetse kung'amba ndi kung'amba.
Pali nthawi zina pomwe mawonekedwe omaliza a maginito kapena mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino kwambiri kukonzedwa ndi gudumu lopera la diamondi ngati mikate ya mkate.Mapeto ake mu mawonekedwe omaliza amadutsa gudumu lopera ndipo gudumu lopera limapereka miyeso yolondola komanso yolondola.Chopangidwa ndi annealed chiri pafupi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe omalizidwa ndi miyeso yomwe imafunidwa kuti ipangidwe.Pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a ukonde ndi dzina lomwe nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa kumtunduwu.Njira yomaliza komanso yomaliza yopangira makina imachotsa chilichonse chowonjezera ndikuwonetsa malo osalala kwambiri ngati pakufunika.Pomaliza kuti asindikize pamwamba zinthuzo zimapatsidwa chophimba choteteza.
Njira ya Magnetizing
Kupanga maginito kumatsatira njira yomaliza, ndipo ntchito yopangira ikachitika, maginito amafunikira kulipiritsa kuti apange maginito akunja.Kuti izi zitheke, solenoid imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Solenoid ndi silinda yopanda dzenje momwe maginito amakulidwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amatha kuyikamo kapena ndi zida zomwe solenoid imapangidwira kuti ipereke maginito kapena mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. .Kulingalira kuyenera kuchitidwa pazofunikira zamunda wa magnetizing, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2022