Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maginito ndi:
Alnico Magnets
Maginito a Alnico amapezeka m'matembenuzidwe opangidwa, sintered, ndi omangika. Zodziwika kwambiri ndi maginito a alnico. Ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la maginito okhazikika a maginito. Maginito a alnico ali ndi Ni, A1, Fe, ndi Co ndi zina zazing'ono zowonjezera za Ti ndi Cu. Ma alnicos ali ndi ma coercivities apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a anisotropy a Pe kapena Fe, Co particles. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timene timatulutsa timadzi ta Ni—Al matrix. Pambuyo kuzirala, isotropic alnicos 1-4 imatenthedwa kwa maola angapo pa kutentha kwakukulu.
Kuwonongeka kwa spinodal ndi njira yolekanitsa gawo. Kukula komaliza ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatsimikiziridwa muzaka zoyambirira kwambiri za kuwonongeka kwa spinodal. Alnicos ali ndi ma coefficients abwino kwambiri a kutentha kotero kuti pakusintha kwa kutentha amakhala ndi kusintha kochepa pakupanga kwamunda. Maginitowa amatha kugwira ntchito pa kutentha kwambiri kuposa maginito aliwonse.
Demagnetization wa alnicos akhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati malo ntchito bwino, monga ntchito maginito yaitali kuposa kale kuti kuonjezera kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake chiŵerengero chimene ndi lamulo labwino kalozera chala chala maginito Alnico. Zinthu zonse zakunja za demagnetizing ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Chiyerekezo chautali mpaka m'mimba mwake ndi maginito abwino ozungulira angafunikirenso.
Maginito a Bar
Maginito a bar ndi zidutswa za zinthu zamakona anayi, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, chitsulo kapena chinthu china chilichonse cha ferromagnetic chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe kapena mphamvu zamaginito. Amakhala ndi mitengo iwiri, mzati wakumpoto ndi wakummwera.
Maginito a bar akaimitsidwa momasuka, amadzigwirizanitsa kotero kuti nsanamira yakumpoto ikuloza komwe kuli maginito kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya maginito a bar. Maginito a cylindrical bar amatchedwanso maginito a rod ndipo ali ndi makulidwe apamwamba kwambiri m'mimba mwake zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi maginito apamwamba. Gulu lachiwiri la maginito a bar ndi maginito amakona anayi. Maginitowa amapezeka kwambiri m'magawo opanga ndi mainjiniya chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zamaginito komanso malo akulu kuposa maginito ena.
Ngati maginito a bar athyoledwa pakati, zidutswa zonsezi zidzakhalabe ndi pole ya kumpoto ndi pole ya kumwera, ngakhale izi zikubwerezedwa kangapo. Mphamvu ya maginito ya bar ndi yamphamvu kwambiri pamtengowo. Pamene maginito awiri a bar abweretsedwa pafupi wina ndi mzake, mitengo yawo yosiyana imakopa ndipo ngati mitengo imathamangitsana. Maginito a bar amakopa zida za ferromagnetic monga cobalt, nickel, ndi iron.
Maginito Ogwirizana
Maginito omangika ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: polima yopanda maginito ndi ufa wolimba wa maginito. Zotsirizirazi zimatha kupangidwa kuchokera kumitundu yonse yamagetsi, kuphatikiza alnico, ferrite ndi neodymium, cobalt ndi chitsulo. Awiri kapena kuposerapo maginito ufa akhoza kusakaniza pamodzi potero kupanga wosakanizidwa osakaniza wa ufa. Makhalidwe a ufa amakonzedwa mosamala kudzera mu chemistry ndi kukonza pang'onopang'ono komwe cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maginito omangika mosasamala kanthu kuti zida zake ndi zotani.
Maginito omangika ali ndi zabwino zambiri chifukwa kupanga mawonekedwe apafupi amafunikira kusamalitsa kapena kutsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi njira zina zazitsulo. Choncho misonkhano yowonjezereka ingathe kupangidwa mwachuma mu ntchito imodzi. Maginitowa ndi zinthu zosunthika kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi njira zingapo zosinthira. Ubwino wina wa maginito omangika ndikuti ali ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina komanso mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi poyerekeza ndi zida zopangira sintered. Maginitowa amapezekanso mu makulidwe osiyanasiyana ovuta komanso mawonekedwe. Ali ndi kulolerana kwabwino kwa geometric ndi magwiridwe antchito otsika kwambiri. Amapezekanso ndi ma multipole magnetization.
Maginito a Ceramic
Mawu akuti maginito a ceramic amatanthauza maginito a Ferrite. Maginito a ceramic awa ndi gawo la banja lokhazikika la maginito. Ndiwo mtengo wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maginito ena. Zida zomwe zimapanga maginito a ceramic ndi iron oxide ndi strontium carbonate. Maginito a ferrite awa ali ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya maginito ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu. Ubwino wina wapadera womwe ali nawo ndikuti ndizomwe zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso zosavuta kupanga maginito, zomwe zimawapanga kukhala chisankho choyamba kwa ogula ambiri, mafakitale, ukadaulo ndi malonda. Maginito a Ceramic ali ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana ndipo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi a Sitandade 5. Amapezeka m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga midadada ndi mawonekedwe a mphete. Amathanso kupangidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za kasitomala.
Maginito a Ferrite angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu. Maginito a maginito a ceramic amatsika ndi kutentha. Amafunanso luso lapadera lopangira makina. Ubwino wina wowonjezera ndikuti safunikira kutetezedwa ku dzimbiri pamwamba chifukwa amapanga filimu ya ufa wa maginito pamwamba pawo. Polumikizana, nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa kuzinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ma superglues. Maginito a Ceramic ndi olimba kwambiri komanso olimba, amathyoka mosavuta ngati atagwetsedwa kapena kuphwanyidwa palimodzi, kotero kusamala ndi kusamala kumafunika pogwira maginitowa.
Magetsi amagetsi
Maginito amagetsi ndi maginito omwe mphamvu yamagetsi imayambitsa mphamvu ya maginito. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi waya womwe umakulungidwa mu koyilo. Pakalipano imapanga mphamvu ya maginito kudzera mu waya. Pamene panopa kuzimitsa maginito kutha. Ma electromagnets amakhala ndi ma waya omwe nthawi zambiri amazungulira pakatikati pa maginito omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kumunda wa ferromagnetic. Mphamvu ya maginito imakhazikika pakatikati pa maginito, kumapanga maginito amphamvu kwambiri.
Ubwino wa maginito amagetsi poyerekeza ndi maginito osatha ndikuti kusintha kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu kumunda wa maginito powongolera mphamvu yamagetsi pakumangirira. Komabe, chovuta chachikulu cha ma elekitiromagineti ndikuti pamafunika kuperekedwa kosalekeza kwa maginito kuti mphamvu ya maginito ikhalebe. Zoyipa zina ndikuti zimatentha mwachangu komanso zimawononga mphamvu zambiri. Amatulutsanso mphamvu zambiri m'maginito awo ngati pali kusokoneza kwa magetsi. Maginitowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamagetsi zosiyanasiyana, monga ma jenereta, ma relay, ma electro-mechanical solenoids, ma mota, zokuzira mawu, ndi zida zolekanitsa maginito. Ntchito ina yabwino m'makampani ndikusuntha zinthu zolemera ndikutola chitsulo ndi zitsulo. Zina zochepa za ma electromagnets ndizomwe maginito amakopa zida za ferromagnetic monga faifi tambala, cobalt, ndi chitsulo komanso monga maginito ambiri ngati mitengo amasuntha wina ndi mnzake pomwe mitengo yosiyana imakopana.
Maginito Osinthika
Maginito osinthika ndi zinthu zamaginito zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zisunthike popanda kuswa kapena kuwononga kuwonongeka. Maginito awa si olimba kapena owuma, koma amatha kupindika. Zomwe zili pamwambapa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi 2: 6 zitha kukulungidwa. Maginito amenewa ndi apadera chifukwa maginito ena sangathe kupindika. Pokhapokha ndi maginito osinthasintha, sipinda popanda kupunduka kapena kusweka. Maginito ambiri osinthika amakhala ndi gawo lapansi lopangira lomwe lili ndi wosanjikiza woonda wa ufa wa ferromagnetic. Gawoli ndi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthika kwambiri, monga vinyl. Gawo lapansi lopangira limakhala maginito pamene ufa wa ferromagnetic umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira zambiri zopangira maginito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginitowa, komabe pafupifupi onse amakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa ferromagnetic ku gawo lapansi lopangira. Ufa wa ferromagnetic umasakanizidwa pamodzi ndi zomatira zomangira mpaka zitamamatira ku gawo lapansi lopangira. Maginito osinthika amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana mwachitsanzo mapepala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, ndi makulidwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Magalimoto, zitseko, makabati azitsulo ndi nyumba zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito osinthasinthawa. Maginitowa amapezekanso m'mizere, mizere imakhala yocheperako komanso yayitali poyerekeza ndi mapepala.
Pamsika nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa ndikuyikidwa m'mipukutu. Maginito osunthika amasinthasintha ndi zinthu zawo zopindika ndipo amatha kukulunga makina mosavuta komanso malo ena ndi zida. Maginito osunthika amathandizidwa ngakhale ndi malo omwe siwosalala bwino kapena osalala. Maginito osinthika amatha kudulidwa ndikupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe omwe mukufuna. Ambiri aiwo amatha kudulidwa ngakhale ndi chida chodula chachikhalidwe. Maginito osinthika sakhudzidwa ndi kubowola, sangaphwanyike koma amapanga mabowo popanda kuwononga maginito ozungulira.
Maginito a Industrial
Maginito a Industrial ndi maginito amphamvu kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Amatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo amapezeka mumtundu uliwonse kapena kukula kwake. Amakhalanso otchuka chifukwa cha magiredi awo ambiri komanso mikhalidwe yawo yosunga maginito otsalira. Maginito okhazikika a mafakitale amatha kupangidwa ndi alnico, nthaka yosowa, kapena ceramic. Ndi maginito omwe amapangidwa ndi chinthu cha ferromagnetic chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maginito akunja, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi maginito kwa nthawi yayitali. Maginito a mafakitale amasunga dziko lawo popanda thandizo lakunja, ndipo amakhala ndi mitengo iwiri yomwe imasonyeza kukwera mwamphamvu pafupi ndi mitengo.
Samarium Cobalt Industrial maginito amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri mpaka 250 ° C. Maginitowa amalimbana kwambiri ndi dzimbiri chifukwa alibe chitsulo chachitsulo. Komabe mtundu wa maginito uwu ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri kupanga chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa cobalt. Popeza maginito a cobalt amafunikira zotsatira zomwe amapanga maginito apamwamba kwambiri, maginito a mafakitale a samarium cobalt nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, ndikupanga ma mota, masensa, ndi ma jenereta.
Alnico Industrial Magnet imakhala ndi kuphatikiza kwabwino kwa zida zomwe ndi aluminiyamu, cobalt, ndi faifi tambala. Maginitowa angakhalenso mkuwa, chitsulo, ndi titaniyamu. Poyerekeza ndi akale, maginito a alnico samva kutentha kwambiri ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri mpaka 525 ° C. Amakhalanso osavuta kutulutsa maginito chifukwa amakhudzidwa kwambiri. Ma Electromagnets a Industrial ndi osinthika ndipo amatha kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa.
Maginito a mafakitale amatha kugwiritsa ntchito monga:
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zitsulo zamapepala, zitsulo zachitsulo, ndi mbale zachitsulo. Maginito amphamvuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ambiri opanga ngati zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito. Maginito a mafakitale amaikidwa pamwamba pa chinthucho ndipo pambuyo pake maginito amayatsidwa kuti agwire chinthucho ndikupanga kusamutsira kumalo omwe akufuna. Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito maginito onyamulira mafakitale ndikuti pali chiwopsezo chochepa cha zovuta za minofu ndi mafupa pakati pa ogwira ntchito.
Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito am'mafakitalewa kumathandiza ogwira ntchito kupanga kudzitchinjiriza ku zovulala, ndikuchotsa kufunika konyamula zida zolemetsa. Maginito a mafakitale amapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola m'makampani ambiri opanga, chifukwa kukweza ndi kunyamula zinthu zolemera pamanja kumawononga nthawi komanso kuwononga thupi kwa ogwira ntchito, zokolola zawo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Kupatukana kwa Magnetic
Njira yolekanitsa maginito imaphatikizapo kulekanitsa zigawo za zosakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito maginito kukopa maginito. Kupatukana kwa maginito ndikothandiza kwambiri pakusankha mchere wochepa womwe ndi ferromagnetic, womwe ndi mchere womwe uli ndi cobalt, chitsulo, ndi faifi tambala. Zambiri mwazitsulo, kuphatikizapo siliva, aluminiyamu, ndi golidi sizikhala ndi maginito. Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamakina nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa zida zamaginito izi. Panthawi ya kupatukana kwa maginito, maginito amakonzedwa mkati mwa ng'oma ziwiri zolekanitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi zamadzimadzi, chifukwa cha maginito, maginito a maginito akuyendetsedwa ndi kayendedwe ka ng'oma. Izi zimapanga mphamvu ya maginito mwachitsanzo, kuyika kwa ore.
Njira yolekanitsa maginito imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma cranes a electromagnetic omwe amalekanitsa maginito ndi zinthu zosafunikira. Izi zimabweretsa kuwunikira ntchito yake pakuwongolera zinyalala ndi zida zotumizira. Zitsulo zosafunikira zimathanso kulekanitsidwa ndi katundu ndi njira iyi. Zida zonse zimasungidwa zoyera. Malo osiyanasiyana obwezeretsanso ndi malo amagwiritsa ntchito kupatukana kwa maginito kuti achotse zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, zitsulo zolekanitsa, komanso kuyeretsa ores, maginito amphamvu, maginito apamwamba, ndi ng'oma zamaginito zinali njira zakale zobwezeretsanso m'makampani.
Kupatukana kwa maginito ndikothandiza kwambiri muzitsulo zamigodi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chitsulo chimakopeka kwambiri ndi maginito. Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale opangira zinthu kuti alekanitse zowononga zitsulo kuchokera kuzinthu. Izi ndizofunikiranso m'mafakitale opanga mankhwala komanso m'mafakitale azakudya. Njira yolekanitsa maginito imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pakafunika kuyang'anira kuipitsidwa, kuletsa kuipitsidwa, ndi kukonza kwa mankhwala. Njira yolekanitsa yofooka ya maginito imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zinthu zanzeru zachitsulo zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Zogulitsazi zimakhala ndi zonyansa zochepa kwambiri komanso zimakhala ndi chitsulo chochuluka.
Mzere wa Magnetic
Ukatswiri wa mizere ya maginito walola kuti deta isungidwe pamakhadi apulasitiki. Izi zidatheka polipira tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta maginito mkati mwa mizere ya maginito kumapeto kwa khadi. Tekinoloje ya maginito iyi yapangitsa kuti pakhale ma kirediti kadi ndi ma kirediti kadi. Izi zalowa m'malo mwa kugulitsa ndalama m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Mzere wa maginito umatchedwanso magstripe. Kupanga makadi a maginito omwe amakhala olimba kwambiri komanso osasunthika, mabungwe azachuma ndi mabanki atha kuchita mitundu yonse yamakadi ndi njira.
Mikwingwirima ya maginito imakhala yochulukirachulukira tsiku lililonse ndipo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu yambiri ya makhadi. Anthu omwe ali ndi luso lowerenga makhadi amapeza mosavuta kuti atulutse zambiri kuchokera pamakhadi a maginito, omwe amatumizidwa ku banki kuti avomereze. Komabe, m'zaka zapitazi, teknoloji yatsopano yakhala ikutsutsana kwambiri ndi maginito a makadi. Akatswiri ambiri amatcha njira yamakonoyi ngati njira yolipirira popanda kulumikizana chifukwa imakhudzanso nthawi zomwe zidziwitso zamalonda zitha kusamutsidwa, osati ndi chingwe cha maginito, koma ndi ma siginecha otumizidwa kuchokera ku chipangizo chaching'ono. Kampani ya Apple Inc. yachita upainiya njira zolipirira popanda kulumikizana.
Maginito a Neodymium
Maginito osowa padziko lapansi awa ndi maginito osatha. Amapanga maginito amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo Maginito opangidwa ndi maginito a neodymium ndi oposa 1.4 teslas. Maginito a Neodymium ali ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma hard disk drive omwe amakhala ndi mayendedwe ndi magawo omwe amakhala ndi ma cell a maginito. Maselo onsewa amakhala ndi maginito nthawi iliyonse yomwe deta yalembedwa pagalimoto. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwina kwa maginito amenewa ndiko kumalankhulira, mahedifoni, maikolofoni, ndi zomvera m’makutu.
Ma coil omwe amapezeka pazidazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi maginito osatha kuti asinthe magetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina. Ntchito inanso ndikuti maginito ang'onoang'ono a neodymium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyika mano a mano bwino lomwe. Maginitowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zogona komanso zamalonda pazitseko pazifukwa zachitetezo komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kwa maginitowa ndiko kupanga zodzikongoletsera, mikanda, ndi zodzikongoletsera. Maginito a Neodymium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma anti-lock brake sensors, mabuleki oletsa loko amayikidwa m'magalimoto ndi magalimoto ambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2022